Wednesday, 11 September 2019

Vedic verses about Time, Color, worship and Varna


TIME
Time draws this chariot with seven wheels. Seven are the hubs; its axle is non-death. At the head of all beings Time proceeds unceasingly, the first among the Gods. Above Time is set a brimful vessel. Simultaneously we see Time here, there, everywhere. Set face to face with all existences, Time is throne, men say, in the loftiest realm. Time has gathered together all beings that are; he has passed through all the gathered beings. He who was father has become their son. There is no glory higher than his. Time generated the Sky above and this vast Earth. The passing moments present and future, by him set swinging, are reckoned out in due proportions. Time brought forth fate-filled chance. In Time the Sun shines and burns. In Time the eye spies from afar. In Time all existences are. [Atharva Veda XIX, 53, 2-6].
COLORS
These different colours in the sun are the essences of the essences; for the Vedas are the essences and these colours are, again, their essences. These are the nectars of the nectars; for the Vedas are the nectars (i.e. immortal) and of them these colours in the sun are the nectars. [Sama Veda, Chandogya Upanishad III, V - The Honey-Doctrine (Continued), 4]
On the first of these nectars the Vasus live, with Agni (fire) at their head. Truly, the gods do not eat or drink. They are satisfied by merely looking at the nectar. They retire into that red colour and rise up from that colour. He who thus knows this nectar becomes one of the Vasus, with Agni (fire) at their head; he is satisfied by merely looking at the nectar. He retires into that red colour and again rises up from that colour. As long as the sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so long does he, like the Vasus, enjoy rulership and sovereignty. [Sama Veda, Chandogya Upanishad III, VI - Meditation on the Vasus, 1-4].
WORSHIP
Now, if a man worships another deity, thinking: He is one and I am another, he does not know. He is like an animal to the gods. As many animals serve a man, so does each man serve the gods. Even if one animal is taken away, it causes anguish to the owner; how much more so when many are taken away! Therefore it is not pleasing to the gods that men should know this.
VARNA
In the beginning this (the kshatriya and other castes) was indeed Brahman, one only without a second. He, being one, did not flourish. He projected, further, an excellent form, kshatriyahood- those kshatriyas (rulers) among the gods: Indra, Varuna, Soma (Moon), Rudra, Parjanya, Yama, Mrityu (Death), and Ishana. Therefore there is none higher than the kshatriyas. Thus at the Rajasuya sacrifice, the brahmin sits below and worships the kshatriya. He confers that glory on kshatriyahood alone. But brahminhood is nevertheless the source of kshatriyahood. Therefore even though the king is exalted in the sacrifice, at the end of it he resorts to brahminhood as his source. He who slights a brahmin strikes at his own source. He becomes more evil, as one who slights his superior. Yet He (Viraj) did not flourish. He projected the Vaisya caste-those classes of gods who are designated in groups: the Vasus, Rudras, Adityas, Vishve-devas and Maruts. Still He did not flourish. He projected the shudra caste-Pushan. This earth is Verily Pushan (the nourisher); for it nourishes all that exists. Yet He did not flourish. He projected, further, that excellent form, justice (dharrna). This justice is the controller of the Kshatriya. Therefore there is nothing higher than justice. So even a weak man hopes to defeat a stronger man through justice, as one does with the help of a king. Verily, that which is justice is truth. Therefore if a man speaks the truth, they say he speaks what is just, and if he speaks what is just, they say he speaks the truth; for justice alone is both these. [Yajurveda, Brihadaranyaka Upanishad I, IV-The Creation and Its Cause, 10-14].


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