Monday 30 November 2020

Some Atharava Veda Mantra (Tr.)


  Now we give here some Atharva Veda mantra sloka (Tr.) for reference and compare these with the other Veda mantra given in the preceding blocks. The readers can make out the nature of the mantra and how the concerned Rishi perceived these! 

   The Sama Veda mantra are of the nature of prayer to Gods. The Atharva Veda mantra mainly deal with our daily life. These are very helpful in warding off evil and protecting ourselves and our family. These mantra are for deep meditation, contemplation! The mantra are available for download separately.

    We invoke him, the Lord of what moves and what moves not, the inspirer of our thoughts. May he come to our aid! May this our divine Protector and Guard, the unfailing one, cause our wealth to increase, that we may long flourish! [Rk Veda I, 89, 5]. That splendor that resides in an elephant, in a king among men, or within the waters, with which the Gods in the beginning came to godhood, with that same splendor make me splendid, O Lord. O All-Knowing God, that powerful strength with which sacrifice endows you, the strength of the sun, the strength of the elephant, King among men-- may the t     “Behold the elephant, best of all creatures to mount and to ride! I anoint myself with his share of strength, with his elephant splendor! With the splendor that resides in a lion, a tiger, an adder, the fire, Brahman, the sun, may that blessed Goddess who gave birth to Indra now come to us, endowed with splendor! With the splendor that resides in an elephant, a leopard, in gold, in the waters, in cattle and in men, may that blessed Goddess who gave birth to Indra now come to us, endowed with splendor! [Atharva Veda VI, 38, That splendor that resides in an elephant, in a king among men, or within the waters, with which the Gods in the beginning came to godhood, with that same splendor make me splendid, O Lord. O All-Knowing God, that powerful strength with which sacrifice endows you, the strength of the sun, the strength of the elephant, King among men-- may the two Spirits, garlanded with lotus, vouchsafe that to me! From the four directions, as far as the eye can direct its gaze, may that force, that elephant splendor, assemble and concentrate its virtue in me.” [Atharva Veda III, 22, 3-5]

Some Sama Veda mantra (Tr.)

   “Om. Narada approached Sanatkumara as a pupil and said: Venerable Sir, please teach me. Sanatkumara said to him: Please tell me what you already know. Then I shall tell you what is beyond. Narada said: Venerable Sir, I know the Rig-Veda, the Yajur-Veda, the Sama-Veda, the Atharva-Veda as the fourth Veda, the epics (Puranas) and ancient lore (Itihasa) as the fifth, the Veda of the Vedas (i.e. grammar), the rules of the sacrifices by which the Manes are gratified, the science of numbers, the science of portents, the science of time, logic, ethics, etymology, Brahma-vidya (i.e. the science of pronunciation, ceremonials, prosody, etc.), the science of elemental spirits, the science of weapons, astronomy, the science of serpents and the fine arts. All this I know, venerable Sir.” [Sama Veda, Chandogya Upanishad VII, I - Dialogue between Narada and Sanatkumara, 1-2].

   “If we have injured space, the earth, or heaven, or if we have offended mother or father, from that may Agni, fire of the house, absolve us and guide us safely to the world of goodness. As that truthful man is not burnt so also one who has known Sat is not born again. Thus in That (Sat) all that exists has its self. That is the True. That is the Self. “That thou art”, Svetaketu.” [Sama Veda, Chandogya Upanishad VI, XVI - Liberation for the Knower of Brahman, 1, 3].

The organ of speech departed. After being away for a whole year, it came back and said: How have you been able to live without me? The other organs replied: We lived just as dumb people live, without speaking, but breathing with the prana (nose), seeing with the eye, hearing with the ear and thinking with the mind. Then the organ of speech entered the body.The eye departed. After being away for a whole year, it came back and said: How have you been able to live without me? The other organs replied: We lived just as blind people live, without seeing, but breathing with the prana, speaking with the tongue, hearing with the ear and thinking with the mind. Then the eye entered the body. The ear went out. After being away for a whole year, it came back and said: How have you been able to live without me? The other organs replied: We lived just as deaf people live, without hearing, but breathing with the prana. Speaking with the tongue, seeing with the eye and thinking with the mind. Then the ear entered the body. The mind went out. After being away for a whole year, it came back and said: How have you been able to live without me? The other organs replied: We lived just like children whose minds are not yet formed, without thinking with the mind, but breathing with the prana, speaking with the tongue, seeing with the eye and hearing with the ear. Then the mind entered the body. [Sama Veda, Chan. Upa. V, I - The Supremacy of the Prana, 8=11]The organ of speech departed. After being away for a whole year, it came back and said: How have you been able to live without me? The other organs replied: We lived just as dumb people live, without speaking, but breathing with the prana (nose), seeing with the eye, hearing with the ear and thinking with the mind. Then the organ of speech entered the body.The eye departed. After being away for a whole year, it came back and said: How have you been able to live without me? The other organs replied: We lived just as blind people live, without seeing, but breathing with the prana, speaking with the tongue, hearing with the ear and thinking with the mind. Then the eye entered the body. The ear went out. After being away for a whole year, it came back and said: How have you been able to live without me? The other organs replied: We lived just as deaf people live, without hearing, but breathing with the prana. Speaking with the tongue, seeing with the eye and thinking with the mind. Then the ear entered the body. The mind went out. After being away for a whole year, it came back and said: How have you been able to live without me? The other organs replied: We lived just like children whose minds are not yet formed, without thinking with the mind, but breathing with the prana, speaking with the tongue, seeing with the eye and hearing with the ear. Then the mind entered the body. [Sama Veda, Chan. Upa. V, I - The Supremacy of the Prana, 8=11].

When water dries up it is swallowed by the air. For indeed the air absorbs them all. So much with reference to the gods. Now with reference to the body: Verily, the prana is the swallower. When a man sleeps, speech goes into the prana, sight goes into the prana, hearing goes into the prana and the mind goes into the prana. For indeed the prana absorbs them all. These are the two swallowers: the air among the gods, the prana among the senses. Then considering her (the princess) as the door for imparting knowledge,  Raikva said: O Sudra! You brought these cows and other presents; this is good. But you will make me speak now only through this means (i.e. the princess). These are the villages named Raikvaparna, in the country of Mahavrishas, where Raikva lived. Now Raikva said to the king: Verily, Vayu (the air) is the swallower (samvarga). For when fire goes out it is indeed swallowed by the air. When the sun sets it is swallowed by the air. When the moon sets it is swallowed by the air. When water dries up it is swallowed by the air. For indeed the air absorbs them all. So much with reference to the gods. Now with reference to the body: Verily, the prana is the swallower. When a man sleeps, speech goes into the prana, sight goes into the prana, hearing goes into the prana and the mind goes into the prana. For indeed the prana absorbs them all. These are the two swallowers: the air among the gods, the prana among the senses. 

    Then considering her (the princess) as the door for imparting knowledge, Raikva said: O Sudra! You brought these cows and other presents; this is good. But you will make me speak now only through this means (i.e. the princess). These are the villages named Raikvaparna, in the country of Mahavrishas, where Raikva lived. Now Raikva said to the king: Verily, Vayu (the air) is the swallower (samvarga). For when fire goes out it is indeed swallowed by the air. When the sun sets it is swallowed by the air. When the moon sets it is swallowed by the air. The attendant searched for him and returned without finding him. Then the king said to him: Listen, where a knower of Brahman is to searched for, look for him there. After proper search the attendant came upon a person who, lying underneath his cart, was scratching an itch. Humbly he took his seat near him and said: Revered Sir, are you Raikva, the man with the cart? Oh yes, I am he, he answered. Then the attendant returned, saying to himself: I have found him out. [Sama Veda, Chan. Upa., IV, I - The Story of Janasruti and Raikva, 5, 7-8]

Some Rk Veda Mantra Artha (Tr.)

   Here, Racehorse, are your haunts for bathing; here are the traces of your champion hooves. Here I have seen the blessed reins that guide you, which those who guard Cosmic Order cherish. [Rk Veda I, 163, 5]

    Whatever sin is found in me, whatever evil I have done, if I have lied or falsely sworn, Waters, remove this stain from me!

 Yours, O King, are solaces a hundred, a thousand! Great and far-reaching be also your favors! Drive far away from us baneful Destruction. Remove from us whatever sin we have committed Rk Veda I, 24, 9]

   Within him is fire, within him is drink, within him both earth and heaven. He is the Sun which views the whole world, he is indeed Light itself-- the long-haired ascetic. [Rk Veda X, 136, 1]

   With all the pleasing skill we may; the birth of Gods we now proclaim in chanted hymns, that Men to come may know the truth of what befell. The Lord of the Holy Word, like a smith, blasted and smelted them together. In erstwhile ages of the Gods from nonexistence existence came. [Rk Veda X, 72, 1-2].

   He who from birth was chief of the Gods, the wise one, protecting with his might the other Gods, before whose energy and mighty exploits the two worlds tremble: he, Men, is the Lord! Who stilled the quaking of the mighty earth and set at rest the agitated mountains, who measured out the middle regions of space and gave the sky support: he, Men, is the Lord! Who slew the dragon and loosed the seven rivers, who drove the cattle out of Vala's cavern, who brought forth fire from between the rocks, victorious ever: he, Men, is the Lord! [Rk Veda II, 12, 1-3]

    If we weak men have sinned against the Gods through thoughtlessness and frailty or through pride, absolve us from this fault, O Savitr, and make us clean from sin before Gods and men. [Rk Veda IV, 54, 3]

You set free Shunahshepa from a thousand stakes, when he was already set for the sacrifice. So Agni, wise Priest, come and take your place and liberate us from the bonds that bind us. [Rk Veda V, 2, 7].

   “The Seer, our father, once offered all these worlds in oblation, assuming a priestly role, and sought to gain riches by the power of prayer; he himself entered later creations, while shrouding in mystery the first creative moment.What was the primal matter, what the substance? How could it be discerned, how was it made? From which the Designer of all things, beholding all, fashioned the Earth and shaped the glory of the Heavens?

  Sahasraksha sahasra bahu sahasrapaat | A myriad eyes are his, a myriad faces, a myriad arms and feet, turning each way! When he, sole God, creates the Earth and Heavens, he welds them together with whirring of arms and wings.

     What was the timber and what the tree from which the Heavens and also the Earth were chiseled forth? Ponder, O wise Men. Question in your hearts. On what did he rely when he formed these worlds?

  “The haunts where you dwell, O Designer ever true to your laws, on high, in the depths, and in every region between, disclose to your friends at the hour of oblation. Willingly offer your body in sacrifice, thus enhancing its vigour.” [Rk Veda X, 81, 1-5].

  “With all the pleasing skill we may; the birth of Gods we now proclaim in chanted hymns, that Men to come may know the truth of what befell. The Lord of the Holy Word, like a smith, blasted and smelted them together. In erstwhile ages of the Gods from nonexistence existence came.” [Rk Veda X, 72, 1-2].

You have no knowledge of him who created these worlds; some other thing has interposed between you. The reciters of hymns who ravish life in their ritual proceed with their muttering, enwrapped in confusion and ignorance. [Rk Veda X, 82, 7].

    Rosy Dawn advances, adorned with the brightness of many a beam. She pursues her way on her well-equipped chariot, arousing Men to joy. Come, O twin Spirits, at break of day on your powerful chariots. We offer in sacrifice this honey-sweet draught for your delectation. How is it that, though united and unsupported, he does not fall down? By what inner power moves he? Who has seen? A firm pillar, he protects heaven's vault. [Rk Veda IV, 14, 3-5].

    A man should think on wealth and strive to win it by adoration on the path of Order, counsel himself with his own mental insight, and grasp still nobler vigor with his spirit. [Rk Veda 10.31.2. rvg, 459]

In how many parts was He transformed when they cut the Purusha in pieces? What did His mouth become? What His arms, what His thighs, what His feet? His mouth then became the brahmana, from the arms the rajanya was made, the vaishya from the thighs, from the feet the shudra came forth. [Rk Veda 10.90.11-12. upb, 894].

   This does not mean the caste system. It is the supreme Lord who manifests Himself as all that exists! L  et’s remember, Shree Rama was a Kshatriya King. Shree Krishna was a Cowherd, Yadava, Vaishya and Gautama who became the Buddha was also a Prince? Where is a Brahmana here? Probably Nara-Narayana Rishi became a Brahmana Rishi! Kings were also great learned competent to discuss scriptural matters with Sages and Rishis! Moreover, Brahmana is ‘Knowledge of Brahman and anybody could attain it!

    At first was neither Being nor Nonbeing. There was not air nor yet sky beyond. What was its wrapping? Where? In whose protection? Was Water there, unfathomable and deep? There was no death then, nor yet deathlessness; of night or day there was not any sign. The One breathed without breath, by its own impulse. Other than that was nothing else at all. [Rk Veda X, 129, 1-2].

    The Moon was born from his mind; the Sun came into being from his eye; from his mouth came Indra and Agni, while from his breath the Wind was born. From his navel issued the Air; from his head unfurled the Sky, the Earth from his feet, from his ear the four directions. Thus have the worlds been organized. Seven were the sticks of the enclosure, thrice seven the fuel sticks were made, when the Gods, performing the sacrifice, bound the Man as the victim. [Rk Veda X, 90, 13-15].

    Aum. O terrestrial sphere! O sphere of space! O celestial sphere! Let us contemplate the splendor of the Solar Spirit, the Divine Creator. May He guide our mind. [Rk Veda (Gayatri Mantra) 3.62.10. hp, 345].

    Incidentally, Sharadhvan, King of Gadi Kingdom, later came to be known as ‘Vishva Mitra’ (Friend of the World) after he got the mantra of Devi Gayatri and, thus, became the drushtara, Rishi. He raised to the status of Brahma Rishi with the help of the Gayatri mantra during his askesis. It is the mantra propitiating the Sun God and one attains the very form (sarupya) of the Savita Devi from the incessant chants of Gayatree.

    “O learned people, may we with our ears listen to what is beneficial, may we see with our eyes what is beneficial. May we, engaged in your praises, enjoy with firm limbs and sound bodies, a full term of life dedicated to God. [Rk Veda 1.89.8. rvp, p. 287]

    Now may this God Savitri, the strong and mighty, Lord of all wealth, vouchsafe to us his riches! May he, extending his far-spreading luster, bestow on us the food that nourishes men! These songs praise Savitri of gentle speech, whose arms are full, whose hands are beautiful. Preserve us evermore, O Gods, with blessings.” [Rk Veda VII, 45, 3-4]

    How I long, O God, for the gracious touch of your hand which heals and brings refreshment, which softens all chastisements of the Gods. Regard me, O Mighty One, with an indulgent eye. [Rk Veda II, 33, 5-7]

   Foremost Purifier, let your lights shine on us now, inspiring us to skill of mind and hand. [Rk Veda IX, 36, 3].

    Your remedies so pure, O powerful Storms, afford us relief and bring us joy. Those which our father Manu chose I beg from the Lord for my own well-being. May God's missile be deflected from us, may the anger of the blazing God overshoot us! Relax your bow of wrath toward our well-wishers. Have pity on our sons and on their children! [Rk Veda II, 33, 13-14]

Sunday 29 November 2020

Vedic Principles

  The following passages from the Yajurveda give us some idea about the nature of problems discussed in the various Upanishads attached to that. Every passage needs a careful study since a lot of secrets are involved in these mantra. After a deep contemplation on these, one may get some insight into the nature of the world we exist in and what we experience superficially!  

Than whom there is naught else higher, than whom there is naught smaller, naught greater, the One stands like a tree established in heaven. By Him, the Person, is this whole universe filled. [Krishna Yajurveda, Shveatashvatara Upanishad 3.9. upr, 727]

All the sacred books, all holy sacrifice and ritual and prayers, all the words of the Vedas, and the whole past and present and future, come from the Spirit. With maya, His power of wonder, He made all things, and by maya the human soul is bound. Know, therefore, that nature is maya, but that God is the ruler of maya, and that all beings in our universe are parts of His infinite splendor. [Krishna Yajurveda, Shvet. Upa., 4.9-10. upm, 92].

    That deity, after taking away the death-the evil-of the gods, carried them beyond death. First of all, it carried the organ of speech, which is the foremost organ. When the organ of speech was freed from death it became fire. That fire, having transcended death, shines beyond its reach. Then it carried the organ of smell. When it was freed from death it became air (Vayu). That air, having transcended death, blows beyond its reach. Then it carried the organ of sight. When it was freed from death it became the sun (Surya). That sun, having transcended death, shines beyond its reach. Then it carried the organ of hearing. When it was freed from death, it became the quarters (Disha). Those quarters, having transcended death, remain beyond its reach. Then it carried the mind. When the mind was freed from death it became the moon (Chandra). That moon, having transcended death, shines beyond its reach. Thus, verily, that deity carries beyond death him who knows this. [Yajurveda, Brih. Upa., I, III-The Prana: Its Glories and Redeeming Power, 11-16].

 This water is the honey (effect) of all beings, and all beings are the honey (effect) of this water. Likewise, the bright, immortal being who is in this water and the bright, immortal being existing as the semen in the body are both honey. These four are but this Self. The Knowledge of this Self is the means to Immortality; this underlying unity is Brahman; this Knowledge of Brahman is the means of becoming all. This fire is the honey (effect) of all beings, and all beings are the honey (effect) of this fire. Likewise, the bright, immortal being who is in this fire and the bright, immortal being identified with the organ of speech in the body are both honey. These four are but this Self. The Knowledge of this Self is the means to Immortality; this underlying unity is Brahman; this Knowledge of Brahman is the means of becoming all. This air is the honey (effect) of all beings, and all beings are the honey (effect) of this air. Likewise, the bright, immortal being who is in this air and the bright, immortal being identified with the vital breath in the body are both honey. These four are but this Self. The Knowledge of this Self is the means to Immortality; this underlying unity is Brahman; this Knowledge of Brahman is the means of becoming all. [Yajurveda, Brih. Upa. II, V-The Interdependence of Created Objects, 2-4]

   The seer sees not death, nor sickness, nor any distress. The seer sees only the All, obtains the All entirely. For the sake of experiencing the true and the false, the great Self has a dual nature. Yea, the great Self has a dual nature. Yea, the great Self has a dual nature! [Krishna Yajurveda, Maitra Upa. 7.11.6 & 8. uph, 458].    

Thursday 26 November 2020

Vedic Doctrines

Vedic Prayer:

    We invoke him, the Lord of what moves and what moves not, the inspirer of our thoughts. May he come to our aid! May this our divine Protector and Guard, the unfailing one, cause our wealth to increase, that we may long flourish! [Rk Veda I, 89, 5]

 Give us a share in the Sun by your wisdom and favor. Make us perfect. [Rk Veda IX, 4, 5].

Vedic Doctrines:

   “The Seer, our father, once offered all these worlds in oblation, assuming a priestly role, and sought to gain riches by the power of prayer; he himself entered later creations, while shrouding in mystery the first creative moment.

    What was the primal matter, what the substance? How could it be discerned, how was it made? From which the Designer of all things, beholding all, fashioned the Earth and shaped the glory of the Heavens?

   A myriad eyes are his, a myriad faces, a myriad arms and feet, turning each way! When he, sole God, creates the Earth and Heavens, he welds them together with whirring of arms and wings.

     What was the timber and what the tree from which the Heavens and also the Earth were chiseled forth? Ponder, O wise Men. Question in your hearts. On what did he rely when he formed these worlds? “The haunts where you dwell, O Designer ever true to your laws, on high, in the depths, and in every region between, disclose to your friends at the hour of oblation. Willingly offer your body in sacrifice, thus enhancing its vigour.” [Rk Veda X, 81, 1-5].

  “With all the pleasing skill we may; the birth of Gods we now proclaim in chanted hymns, that Men to come may know the truth of what befell. The Lord of the Holy Word, like a smith, blasted and smelted them together. In erstwhile ages of the Gods from nonexistence existence came.” [Rk Veda X, 72, 1-2].

 “The visible form of fire, while it lies latent in its source, the fire-wood, is not perceived; yet there is no destruction of its subtle form. That very fire can be brought out again by means of persistent rubbing of the wood, its source. In like manner, Atman, which exists in two states, like fire, can be grasped in this very body by means of ‘Om’. By making the body the lower piece of wood and Om the upper piece and through the practice of the friction of meditation, one perceives the luminous Self, hidden like the fire in the wood. As oil exists in sesame seeds, butter in milk, water in riverbeds and fire in wood, so the Self is realized as existing within the self, when a man looks for It by means of truthfulness and austerity-when he looks for the Self, which pervades all things as butter pervades milk and whose roots are Self-Knowledge and austerity. That is the Brahman taught by the Upanishad; yea, that is the Brahman taught by the Upanishads.” [Yajur Veda, Shvet. Upa. Part I, Chapter 1, 13-16].

   “May the sun, at the commencement of yoga, join our minds and other organs to the Supreme Self so that we may attain the Self (‘Knowledge of True Nature of Existential Reality’)? May He, also, support the body, the highest material entity, through the powers of the deities who control the senses. Having received the blessings of the divine Sun and with minds joined to the Supreme Self, we exert ourselves, to the best of our power, toward meditation, by which we shall attain Heaven (Brahman).” [Yajur Veda, Shvet. Upa, Part I, Chapter II, 1-2].

  “The wise man should hold his body steady, with the three upper parts erect, turn his senses, with the help of the mind, toward the heart and by means of the raft of Brahman cross the fearful torrents of the world. The yogi of well- regulated endeavors should control the pranas; when they are quieted he should breathe out through the nostrils. Then let him undistractedly restrain his mind, as a charioteer restrains his vicious horses. Let yoga be practiced within a cave protected from the high wind, or in a place which is level, pure and free from pebbles, gravel and fire, undisturbed by the noise of water or of market-booths and which is delightful to the mind and not offensive to the eye. When yoga is practiced, the forms which appear first and which gradually manifest Brahman are those or snow-flakes, smoke, sun, wind, fire, fire-flies, lightning, crystal and the moon.” [Yajurveda, Shvet. Upa, Part I, Chapter II, 8-11].

  “And when the yogi beholds the real nature of Brahman, through the Knowledge of the Self, radiant as a lamp, then, having known the unborn and immutable Lord, who is untouched by ignorance and its effects, he is freed from all fetters. He indeed, the Lord, who pervades all regions, was the first to be born and it is He who dwells in the womb of the universe. It is He, again, who is born as a child and He will be born in the future, He stands behind all persons and His face is everywhere. The Self-luminous Lord, who is fire, who is in water, who has entered into the whole world, who is in plants, who is in trees-to that Lord let there be adoration! Yea, let there be adoration!” [Yajurveda, Shvet. Upa.,, Part I, Chapter II, 15-17]. 

[Courtsey: These daily verses are drawn from the Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva Vedas, Hinduism's revealed scriptures, which are 6,000 to 8,000 years old. Many of the verses are from the book The Vedic Experience, by Raimundo Panikkar, available at our Minimela online store.]

Tuesday 24 November 2020

The Self (Atman)

 

Janaka, Emperor of Videha, rose from his lounge, humbly approached Yajnavalkya and said: Salutation to you, O Yajnavalkya. Please instruct me. Yajnavalkya said: Your Majesty, as one who wishes to go a long distance would procure a chariot or a ship, even so you have fully equipped your mind with so many secret names of Brahman. You are also honoured and wealthy; you have studied the Vedas and heard the Upanishads. But do you know where you will go when you are released from this body? Venerable Sir, I do not know where I shall go. [Yajueda, Brihadaranyaka Upanishad IV, II-Concerning The Self, 1[

   But if the life (i.e. living self) leaves one of its branches, that branch withers; if it leaves a second, that branch withers; if it leaves a third, that branch withers. If it leaves the whole tree, the whole three withers. In exactly the same manner, my dear, said he, know this: This body dies, bereft of the living self; but the living self dies not. Now, that which is the subtle essence-in it all that exists has its self. That is the True. That is the Self. That thou art, Shvetaketu. Please, venerable Sir, give me further instruction, said the son. So be it, my dear, the father replied. [Sama Veda, Chandogya Upanishad VI, XI - The Indestructibility of the Jiva, 3]

Bring me a fruit of that Nyagrodha (banyan) tree. Here it is' venerable Sir. Break it. It is broken, venerable Sir. What do you see there? These seeds, exceedingly small, Break one of these, my son. It is broken, venerable Sir. What do you see there? Nothing at all, venerable Sir.

The father said: That subtle essence, my dear, which you do not perceive there-from that very essence this great nyagrodha arises. Believe me, my dear. [Sama Veda, Chandogya Upanishad VI, XII - The Birth of the Gross from the Subtle, 2]

Three States of Our Existence

Yajnavalkya called on Janaka, Emperor of Videha. He said to himself: I will not say anything. But once upon a time Janaka, Emperor of Videha and Yajnavalkya had had a talk about the Agnihotra sacrifice and Yajnavalkya had offered him a boon. Janaka had chosen the right to ask him any questions he wished and Yajnavalkya had granted him the boon. So it was the Emperor who first questioned him.

Yajnavalkya, what serves as light for a man? The light of the sun, O Emperor, said Yajnavalkya, for with the sun as light he sits, goes out, works and returns. Just so, Yajnavalkya. When the sun has set, Yajnavalkya, what serves as light for a man? The moon serves as his light, for with the moon as light he sits, goes out, works and returns. Just so, Yajnavalkya..When the sun has set and the moon has set, Yajnavalkya, what serves as light for a man? Fire serves as his light, for with fire as light he sits, goes out, works and returns. Just so, Yajnavalkya. Give us, Lord, a share of sunlight, of waters, freedom from sin and communion with the living. Do not tarnish the joy of our hearts for we have put our trust in your name. [Rk Veda I, 104, 6]

When the sun has set, Yajnavalkya and the moon has set and the fire has gone out, what serves as light for a man? Speech (sound) serves as his light, for with speech as light he sits, goes out, works and returns. Therefore, Your Majesty, when one cannot see even one's own hand, yet when a sound is uttered, one can go there. Just so, Yajnavalkya.

Which is the self? This purusha which is identified with the intellect (vijnanamaya) and is in the midst of the organs, the self-indulgent light within the heart (intellect). Assuming the likeness of the intellect, it answers between the two worlds; it thinks, as it were and moves, as it were being identified with dreams, it transcends this waking world, which represents the forms of death (ignorance and its effects). [Br. Upa. IV, III-Investigation of the Three States, 1-5,7]. 

What is Beyond?

 

 Om. Narada approached Sanatkumara as a pupil and said: Venerable Sir, please teach me. Sanatkumara said to him: Please tell me what you already know. Then I shall tell you what is beyond. Narada said: Venerable Sir, I know the Rig-Veda, the Yajur-Veda, the Sama-Veda, the Atharva-Veda as the fourth Veda, the epics (Puranas) and ancient lore (Itihasa) as the fifth, the Veda of the Vedas (i.e. grammar), the rules of the sacrifices by which the Manes are gratified, the science of numbers, the science of portents, the science of time, logic, ethics, etymology, Brahma-vidya (i.e. the science of pronunciation, ceremonials, prosody, etc.), the science of elemental spirits, the science of weapons, astronomy, the science of serpents and the fine arts. All this I know, venerable Sir. [Sama Veda, Chandogya Upanishad VII, I - Dialogue between Narada and Sanatkumara, 1-2]

Sunday 22 November 2020

Brahmana and Aranyaka

     Contrary to the popular belief that ' Brahmana' are people belonging to the Vedic clan, the real meaning of the term is the Vedic literature in prosaic form explaining the meaning of the Veda mantram as also, ritualistic. The Brahmana give the scientific, metaphysical and the spiritual meaning of the Veda mantra. The importance of the Brahmana lie in the deep and vast extent of knowledge involved, starting from the origin of the alphabets, seed syllables (bijakhara) and the root words, phrases. Similarly, 'Aranyaka' are believed to be the Veda recited or studied by the Vedic people residing in forests and performing Vedic rituals. This belief was based on Sayana who said, aranyaadhyayanad etat aranyakam itiryate | It is also said that there is no mention of Aranyaka anywhere in the Aranyaka verses!  Many scholars have treated 'Aranya' as vana, forest, but, the meaning of Arana is based on the root syllable 'Ru' meaning knowledge. "brahmana udaranamasi" (Tai. Aran. 1. 12). Hence, Aranyaka is jnyanaprada, knowledge-oriented! This was most likely taught in secluded places as sacred and secret Vedic doctrines! In fact, both Brahmana and the Aranyaka are better known as the Upanishad versions of the Vedic doctrines. It is the Veda mantra of certain Metres, Chhandas, like trivishtap, gayatri, anushtubh, rather, a poetic form of the Verses. The Brahmana and the Aranyaka are better known as the Upanishads!

  The Upanishads belonging to the Brahmana class of Veda are: Shatapatha Br., Gopatha Br., Aitiriya Br.,Koushithaki Br., Shankayana Br.,- all from Rk veda. the Brahmana from Samaveda are: Tandya belonging to tandi shakha; Shadvimsha, Samavidhana, Arsheya, Daivata, upanishad-brahmana, Samhitopanishad-brahmana, Vamsha, Jaiminiya. The Brahmana of Yajurveda are Taittiriya and Shatapatha. The Brahmana of Atharva Veda is Gopatha Br. as already mentioned/

   The Aranyaka Upanishads are mainly Taittiriya (incl. the Purushasukta), Aitareya, Shankhyana, Brihadaranyaka (incl Atma tattva), Maitrayani, Talavakara,

   In fact, there are 108 Upanishads and, most of them deal with the Creation and the Creator, Sustenanc and the Forces, Shakti, that sustain all that is created, dissolution and the final merger. Most of the Upanishads stress the need for realization of the self, emancipation and means of emancipation such as yoga, mantra japa, dhyana, etc.  

 These may seem a little repetitive, and mention of some Upanishads like the Ishavasya of the Yajurveda, even omitted here, but it is very important and useful to understand how the Vedic knowledge has penetrated deep into our Indian ethos, rituals and customs as a cultural tradition. One need not be a Brahmin to know all the secrets disclosed in these scriptures. There are many interesting accounts of great sages, their contributions regarding the origin of the universe, creation, sustenance, dissolution, and merger of the jiva in paramatman! It is said that the very sounds of these verses heard with rapt attention will bring immense solace! The farmers hearing the Vedic chants coming from temples early morning have reported their joy and say that even the crops yield better! The Veda is for all! 

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Saturday 21 November 2020

Understanding the Veda

    Generally speaking, the Veda is something restricted to a section of the people who know samskruta bhasha and chant the mantra, the Brahmins. But this is not so! Also, it is wrong to say that there are four Vedas! There are people who go on chattering about the Veda, not knowing a single word of it! This state of ignorance is the main reason why the brahmins are ridiculed. The Veda is simply means 'Vidya', 'Knowledge'. In this sense of the term all knowledge is considered vidya. Maharishi Mahesha Yogi has given the classification of the Veda under forty divisions and sub-divisions. These are the Veda, the Vedanga, the Veda upanga, Veda pratishakhyas and the like. 

    One who knows the Veda is called 'Vedavidu'. One who creates the Veda is the 'Vedakrut'. A 'Viwan' is one who knows the Vidya, 'vid', meaning, 'Knowledge'. Now, the question is: Who is the 'Knower'? Also, "What is 'to be known'? What remains once what is to be known is already known? These are explained as jnyana (Knowledge), jnyeya ('That' which has to be Known), jnyata (one who knows). 'Brahman' is the Knowledge to be known, and, 'He', the Brahmn, is the only one who knows! Ultimately, everything is 'brahmn', the highest knowledge (para vidya) to be known! All else is lower knowledge, (apara vidya)! The scriptural knowledge leading to 'brahmn' is the real knowledge (para), intransient, permanent, immutable, unchanging, unborn, eternal and immortal! The knowledge leading to the material world is the (apara), the transient, ever-changing, impermanent, subject to deterioration and degeneration.  

   Understanding the Veda is not easy. It is impossible to know even one mantra well, let alone a sukta consisting of several mantra! There are 10 552 mantra in the Rk Veda Samhita consisting of 1028 suktas. There are suktas that praise the Elemental Gods, such as, Agn, Vayu, Jal (Nadi), Pruthvi, Akasha. In the beginning the Veda was imparted by Brahma Deva to his Brain-child, manasaputrah Atharvan. This is the Ekayana Veda. Mundakopanishat has the first mantra that states Brahma imparted this Veda to Atharvan to his first-born Atharva.  Brahma is the Creator, the Mind!  Atharvan is the State of Absolute, 'Sat' that manifests as the 'chit'. The vibration of Chit as chitta is the chittavrutti.

   During the early days of Vedic age, it was traditional to chant all the Veda mantra before taking food. This used to take lot of time and the Vedic pundits requested the Lord to help them. Sri Krishna Dvaipayana classified the Veda mantra into four divisions as per the function involved and thereby came to be known as Veda Vyasa. The total number of mantra was about 20 000 imparted to Atharvana, may be Lord Ganapati, whom it is addressed in the Rk Veda first. Thus, the Ekayana Veda, was just Atharva Veda classified by Sage Veda Vyasa. All the Riks (mantra) that deal with Creation are put in the Rk Veda Samhita. The same mantra used to praise, sing, the glory of Gods is in the group of Saman. Mantra used for rituals of forming the Fire pit in the shape of a Bird Hamsa, as per the tradition, Agni Kunda, and then kindling Fire, worship, and offer ahuti, havis, and pray are all in the Yajurveda. The remaining mantra that help people to live a happy. healthy and joyful life remained as the Atharva Veda. There are people who follow certain Vedic traditions came to be known after the Veda mantra they practice, such as, the Rugvedi, Yajurvedi. Some practiced only one or tw or thre or all the four branches and came to be known as Dvivedi, Trivedi, or Chaturvedi.

    The Veda mantra are considered very powerful and effective. The Veda pundits knew that these mantra mantra may be misused by the unscrupulous people and hence tried to keep them secret. Now, the Western Scholars have translated the available texts and mostly misinterpreted them. Understanding the knowledge hidden in the Veda mantra that leads one to param padam, the highest seat, is not easy! There are symbols, imageries, similes, and some dummy words in the mantra that make ordinary people fools if they try to interpret them! Only Yogic practices that take one to transcendental state (samadhi) reveal the self, bring Atmasakshatkara, 'Realization of the Self', will help to get a correct understanding of the Veda mantra (like the Vayu stuti, Gayatri mantra, Rudra, and Shata rudriya, purusha sukta, Shree sukta, etc.).We cannot understand even one mantra properly, in this sense of the real meaning of the Veda.

Sunday 15 November 2020

Vishvamitra Rishi

   Every mantra is a sound, a word, a phrase or a sentence visualized by a drushtara who later comes to be known as Rishi, associated with that mantra. Before realizing this, the sage must take to dhyana, invoke a devata, get into a mode of transcendental meditation. Here, the devata is paramatma narauana  and the person Koushika, son of Gadhin, who became the Rishi Vishva Mitra, The mantra so visualised is in the Gayatree Chhandas of 3 and a half metres. This mantra comes in Mandala III of Rk Veda. 

   The Rk Veda is a collection, samhita, of 10, 552 mantra grouped under 64 suktas. Each mantra is a divine sound, word, phrase visualized by a sage in his transcendental meditative trance, samadhi. Gayatri mantra is found in Rk Veda, Mandala III. It has a very deep and vast meaning and purport and its power is transformative! This mantra is credited to Sage Vishvamitra.

 Here is an example how a person named Koushika, son of Gadhi, became a Raja rishi with determination, 'dhruti'. This proves that anybody can attain the highest state, param padam, and become a great Rishi of the status of one of the saptarshis, a brahmarishi! In his purvashrama, before Koushika becoming a Rishi Vishvamitra, was proud, arrogant and short-tempered. It is only on an an expedition, he met Sage Vashishtha that became a turning point in his life. He had to struggle hard to overcome his weaknesses- pride, arrogance, attachment, and jealousy. He failed several times becoming a Rishi. A person can become a sanyasi, or a saint, but very difficult to become a Rishi. One has to visualize, become a drushtara, of at least a mantra, a sacred sound, word or phrase to become a Rishi. This sound is anahata dhvani, sound from space (akasha) heard by the soul! Vishvamitra is known for his Gayatri mantra visualized and explained in Mandala X of the Rk Veda. He expounded a mantra in a Metre, Chhandas, that is called Gayatri. This mantra is not an easy one to understand and practice by us! The Mantra expounded by Vishvamitra is in Gayatri metre, But, the mantra is altogether different! The Gayatri Chandah is of three-and- a- half pada. The first pada is the Pranava Om. The second one is the vyahruti, seven levels of Consciousness. It is also important to note that these are realms of elemental  Gods. The third one is the real mantra that has twelve vaidiki or mantra devata and another twelve tantrika devata. The mantra credited to vaidika devata is the potential one, full of powers. The tantrika is of the executive nature, a creative, dynamic power, that can elevate us to divine status.

   Here, we touch upon his contribution to our knowledge about the Gayatri mantra. The contribution of Vishvamitra Rishi lies in the prayer to Paramatma Sri Hari Narayana, invoking the devata of the mantra and thereby became a great Rishi Vishva Mitra, a friend of the world, like Sun! 

   The first pada, foot of the Metre (Chhandas) Gayatri is the Pranava Om. Pranava 'Om' is by itself a powerful mantra that has along spiritual background! In fact, getting mastery over this sacred 'sound' is by itself enough for us. Om is the beginning and end by itself!  However, it is extremely difficult to reach this level of understanding and attain to it!

   The second foot is the vyahruti. It is the upper seven levels, but there are nevertheless seven lower ones, t oo. What we have toreach the highest,climbing, getting mastery over each one of the upper seven levels- bhu, bhuvah, svah,mahah, janah, tapah, and finally, the 'sat'. each one of these levels is of the bhu, the elemental world of earth (soil, food), followed by the intermediate space bhuvah, the realm of the Moon, and svah (the heaven) realm of the Sun, mahah (the Greater space, realm of the manes, pitrus- departed souls), janah, the level or realm of the pitamahah, almost like the devata. The next level or realm is of the tapo-janah, Rishis, and finally, the highest raelm of the 'brahmn'!The twenty-four devata of the Gayatri are"

 Adhya shaktistathaa brahmi vaishnavi shambhaviti ca | vedamata devamata vishvamata rutambhara || 

mandakinyajapa chaiva ruddhi siddhi prakirtita | vaidikani tu namani purvoltani hi dvadasha ||

savitri saeaswati jnyeya lakshmi durga tathaiva ch | kundalini pranagnishcha bhavani bhuvaneshvari ||

annapurneti namani mahamaya payasvini | tripura chaiveti vijnyeya tantrikani ca dvadasha ||

    These twentyfour vaidiki and tantriki devata have the bijakshara, such as: the tat savitru varenyam bhargo devsya dhi mahi dhi yo yo na prachodayat || Actually, these bijakshara by itself a mantra that has a realm and a position in our physical body and that can be activated by the chant of mantra with phonetic perfection giving stress on the letter with focused attention! There is a separate mandala for each one of these!

    Now, there is a condition as stated in: Gayatri mantra pranayame viniyogah | This ordains the a person should sit in yogic posture and do pranayama, holding breath in kumbhaka while chanting Gayatri in a ratio of 1:2:1, and then increase 2:4:2, raising it to 4:8:4 and finally, if possible  8:16:8 ! Taking breath in with one mantra, holding breath with 2 mantra chants and leaving breath slowly with one chant is the ratio in the beginning! This ratio should be stepped up, that too,  keeping in view all the above and this seems an imposibility for us?? 

 

The Vaidika and the Non-Vaidika Traditions.

   The terms 'Veda' and the 'Vedic' are used in a number of ways. In one sense, it is shastra, traditionally followed. The Vaidika tradition was formerly restricted to only Vedic Brahmins, in the sense who followed either the Rk Vedic or the Yajurvedic traditions. In fact, yajnya, yaga, havan, homa are all yajurvedic. Just reciting the Vedic mantra like the Purusha sukta, Shree sukta, vayu stuti, etc. are Rk Vedic. Both are practiced everywhere in India even today. Even Atahrva Veda has many mantras that are used in everyday life. We can hear the Saman recited in temples and Mathas daily.

   The question of  'avaidika' begins with many tantrika traditions followed in Kerala, West Bengal, Assam, etc. by people who carry out these as their tradition. These are termed 'vamachara consisting of five M's- madhya (Liquor), mamsa (Non-veg.), maithuna (sexual indulgences), maata-maddu and mantra (use of hypnotism and devices like drugs to destroy others' peaceful life to get benefit from it)! This tradition is not appreciated in the Vedic tradition because of  irrational and unscientific methods involved. There are people who offer animals to deities like Kali, Chandi, as sacrifice and eat; as for example the Bison in large numbers. The practices involved sexual acts, alcoholic drinks, etc. These are not admissible in the Vaidic tradition where the offerings are cooked rice and sweets.

    Shankaracharya visited many places where the Non-Vaidic traditions were practiced and tried to stop animal sacrifice. He was almost successful in preventing animal sacrifice in many places, including Nepal. The cause for practice of avaidic tradition is just lack of education, and knowledge of the Vedic tradition. It is the forest tribes, hill tribes and other backward people of remote areas who mainly practiced. Hence, things are changing fast with better roads, communication and education. But the paradox is that the Vaidic tradition is also disappearing fast with the neglect of Samskruta and temple traditions, onslaught of modernism and Western culture and the youth traveling far and wide frequently, these days! Materialism is overtaking the Spiritual values?

    

Thursday 5 November 2020

The Magic of 'the Veda'

   The Veda is what the Veda does! The sounds of Veda mantra when heard with full focused rapt  attention will work magic on the brain cells. The Veda mantra should be heard early in the morning. The Gayatri Sadan in Haridwar has a laboratory where these mantra are tested using advanced machines and find how the brain cells react to the sounds. They give a helmet to wear and then play the mantra. The red cells that are excited, that cause tension, anxiety, stress are calmed down by the sound of mantra and become blue! The magic of the Vedic sound is such that which can never be explained and it can, at best, be experienced as 'totally blissful'. What is that which makes it 'Blissful"? Hundreds of Sages (almost Four Hundred" that include about Forty Women Saints) have visualized and tried to explain these to their disciples as separate branches of Upanishads (almost 108)! Thus, we have abundant volumes of Texts of Vedic literature. But, so far not even one scholar could properly explain even one mantra like the Gayatri Mantra' that involves Twelve Vaidiki and Twelve Tantriki devi, or could not explain even one sukta like the 'nadi sukta' or the 'asya vamiya sukta', so far! Every  word of the Veda has almost a hundred meaning and at least, twenty of them are very important. There is a dummy word inserted in the mantra to mislead the mischievous who want to take advantage of these mantra to trouble others or use them for selfish ends especially the mantra from Atharva Veda! Some words have double meaning leading to confusion. Some words give wrong meaning (apartha) and some give opposite meanings! It is left to the scholars to identify them!. So one should be extremely careful while dealing with these sacred Texts!       

  'The Veda' is said to belong to the category of 'shruti' vakya. We hesitate to call it 'scripture' since it was not written down anywhere! In fact, it was forbidden to write down for fear of being misspelt, wrongly written and, and mispronounced. The Veda is traditionally taught in Veda Pathashala by learned Samskruta vidwan (scholars) to their selected disciples, preferably their children! The method was one of singing loud in chorus early in the morning with total attention on phonetic perfection. Attention was paid to proper rhythmic pronunciation and punctuation,  Western scholars like Max Mueller and William Monier Williams and others who had no instructions in Yogic practices culminating in asamprajnyata samadhi (TM) have just given commentaries leading to much misunderstanding! The Veda is not something that can be easily understood by people who have no rigorous training in traditional gurukula system or at least, veda pathashala.

   There are wo outstanding works on the Veda, one is that of Sri Aurobindo (Secret of the Veda) and the other is that of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (Heaven on earth). Sri Aurobindo, an ICS from England, has written almost Forty-five volumes and his writings are very terse and difficult to understand. His works are extremely delightful and give us an insight into the Veda. Mahesh Yogi, a scientist, has established four Vedic Universities in India (Jabalpur) and abroad (USA and Russia). He has explained the Vedic Verse "Agnimeelay purohitam yajnyasya devam Rutvijam hotaram ratnadhatamam" from different perspectives such as mathematical, physical, genetic, and biotechnology. The secrets involved in the Veda are thus brought out vividly! However, the earlier works that of Sayana and his brother Maddhava who edited the Text of the Veda. gives us the basis. 

    Now, it is very important here to note that the Veda is not just the Rk, Saman, Yajus, and the Atharva. It is also not something that we just know as the traditional ones. The Veda is ultimately the Realization of the self, Atmasakshatkara, leading to the doctrine of "tatvamasi"! Ultimately, the Veda is nothing but the I (the Atman) that is covered by the physical and mental, intellectual and the egoistic i, me, and mine! Atmai vedgm sarvam ! Maharshi Maheshi Yogi gives the entire list of the Veda, the Vedanga, the Veda Upanga, the Veda pratishakhyas, total of Forty Branches of Knowledge. These branches of the Veda rotate and revolve around each other, taking and giving each other, until they bring out all that covers the secrets of creation, sustenance, dissolution!

     The Veda has come to be known as 'apourusheya' since these are the mantra heard by the great sages in their state of samadhi, in deep atindriya dhyana (TM). These sages came to be known as 'Rishi' or visionaries, 'drishtara'  and they in turn, transmitted this mantra to their earnest trusted disciples. Thus, we should not treat this sacred knowledge lightly. It is better to take a mantra and contemplate on it till one attains the ultimate state of total bliss, param ananda, and the highest seat- 'param pada,m'!

Monday 2 November 2020

"We Are Him"

     Virtually, all living beings are divine.  Divinity is inherent in the jiva. The Supreme Lord Bhagavan Shree Krishna has made this amply clear in more than one verse in the Gita. He says, "I am the Self of all"! He says, "I only Exist, and all existence is mere manifest forms of my yogic powers!" The problem is that of identifying this 'Self'! This Self is adhyatma and 'It is Him'! He clarifies that the living beings, whether it is plants, birds, animals or humans, the inner self (antar-atman) is covered by sheaths, envelopes, of ignorance such as soil (food/annamaya kosha), Air (pranamaya kosha), mind in the form of fire (manomaya kosha), sensuous and worldly knowledge, Lower Intellect (jnyanamaya kosha,)and lastly, (the tapomaya kosha). One has to remove these sheaths or covering layers of ignorance to discover the underlying pure and pristine 'Atman'. The first four are cleansed of and cleared by spiritual practices under an attained yogi (yogabhyasa), but the last one is difficult to reach. It is deeply hidden in the cave of the heart! So, once a yogin reaches there, he gets enlightened and says, "I Am That"! This is the meaning and purport of the Vedic doctrine- aham brahmasmi

   Now, one may ask, what is the use of all this? What is the benefit one gains out of this 'higher knowledge' here? The answer is simple. When one realizes this, experiences this oneself, that realized person becomes so divine that anybody who sees such a realized soul suddenly bows head and falls at his feet. This is what is the effect of 'divine'! Moreover such attained persons get yogic powers and will bestow grace on all! People will get relief, solace, happiness by just remembering them! We do have such great souls amidst us, but rarely we ever recognize them. Once we recognize them we worship them as living Gods. We can see these miracles happening around us!